Definition of Culture

 

DEFINITION CULTURE BY EXPERTS.

There are definitions stated by experts in culture:
1.    William H. Haviland
Culture is a set of rules and norms that are shared by members of the public, which if carried out by its members will bear behavior deemed feasible and can be received by all communities.
2.     Dr. K. Kupper
Culture is a system of ideas that guide and driver for the human in attitude and behavior, both individually and in groups.
3.    Koentjaraningrat
Culture is a whole system of ideas, actions, and the work of human beings in order to become a society that human beings belong to learn.
4.    Edward B. Taylor
Culture is a complex whole, that it contains the knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws, mores, and other capabilities acquired by man as a member of society.
5.    M. Jacobs and B.J. Stern
Culture covers all forms of technology including social, ideological, religious, and arts and objects, all of which are social heritage.
6.    Bounded et.al
Culture is something that is formed by the development and transmission of human beliefs through certain symbols, such as language symbols as a series of symbols that are used to divert the cultural beliefs among the members of a society. The messages about the culture, which is expected to be found in the media, government, religious institutions, educational systems and such.
7.    Ki Hajar Dewantara
Culture means the fruit of the human mind is the result of the struggle of man against two strong influences, the nature of the times and is a testament to the triumph of human life to overcome the obstacles and hardships in life and livelihood in order to achieve salvation and happiness at the birth is orderly and peaceful.
8.    Francis Merill
Behavioral patterns are generated by social interaction. All behavior and all products produced by someone as a member of a community that is found through symbolic interaction.
9.    Mitchell (Dictionary of Soriblogy)
Culture is the most overall looping action or human activity and human-generated products that have been popular in the community socially and not just in the genetikal switch.
10.    Melville J. Herskovits
A culture as something that can be super organic because it fell down from generation to generation and still alive even though members of the community continue to change.
11.    Robert H. Lowie
Culture is everything in getting individuals from the community, including beliefs, customs, norms artistic, eating habits, skills obtained not from his own creativity but rather a legacy of the past which can be through formal or informal education.
12.     Ralph Linton
Culture is the entirety of the knowledge and attitudes and patterns of behavior that is a habit that is owned and inherited by members of a particular community.
13.    Archaeologists R. Seokmono
Culture is all the result of human effort, either an object or just a piece of mind and the life.


SOME DEFINITIONS
•    Culture refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.
•    Culture is the systems of knowledge shared by a relatively large group of people.
•    Culture is communication, communication is culture.
•    Culture in its broadest sense is cultivated behavior; that is the totality of a person's learned, accumulated experience which is socially transmitted, or more briefly, behavior through social learning.
•    A culture is a way of life of a group of people--the behaviors, beliefs, values, and symbols that they accept, generally without thinking about them, and that are passed along by communication and imitation from one generation to the next.
•    Culture is symbolic communication. Some of its symbols include a group's skills, knowledge, attitudes, values, and motives. The meanings of the symbols are learned and deliberately perpetuated in a society through its institutions.
•    Culture consists of patterns, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional ideas and especially their attached values; culture systems may, on the one hand, be considered as products of action, on the other hand, as conditioning influences upon further action.
•    Culture is the sum of total of the learned behavior of a group of people that are generally considered to be the tradition of that people and are transmitted from generation to generation.
•    Culture is a collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another.