Prose/Novel & Short-story (definition, differences, types of novel and example)

BRITISH AND AMERICAN PROSE / NOVEL

There are so many definitions of Novel and Short Story by any sources. So, I concluded  :
Novel   is a long written/printed story (some sources said “an invented prose narrative”), fictional narration in prose which describes intimate human experiences that is usually through a connected sequence of events involving a group of persons in specific setting.
(The novel is a genre of fiction, and fiction may be defined as the art or craft of contriving, through the written word, representations of human life that instruct or divert or both.)
Short Story   is a brief fictional prose narrative. It usually focuses on one plot, one main character (with a few additional minor characters) and one central theme.
(Short story is usually concerned with a single effect conveyed in only one or a few significant episodes or scenes. )

The differences between Novel and Short Story.
NOVEL                                                                                               SHORT STORY
40,000+ words                                                                              -3,500-7,500 words or (less than 8000)
Involves multiple major characters, sub-plots, conflicts, and twists.   -Describes a single event, a single    
                                                                                                       episode, or a tale of one particular
                                                                                                       character.
 Has time to explore the full three-act structure.                                -Often only has space a segment of
                                                                                                         three-act structure.
Long prose narrative                                                                       -Short prose narrative
Need more time to read                                                                  -Can be read at a single sitting.
Has much less time to hook the reader and make an impact.
Takes more time to write.                                                               -Takes less time to write.
More investments, time, risks.                                                        - Less investment, time and risk.
(writer) Have the time to create more characters, multiple important events and to go more-in depth characterization.    (writer) usually focused, centering on one major conflict, or relaying a large amount of time in a more distant and summarized manner.
Tend to sell better than short stories                                  -Readers can download for free (no need to buy).
More details about the story.                                            -Less details about the story.
More explicit                                                                   -Just a glimpse.

Three Categories of Novels :
1.    Genre Fiction is the most popular variety of fiction.
2.    Literary Novels are generally far less commercial than genre ones-but only generally.
3.    Mainstream Fiction sits more or less halfway between the other two.
Types of Novels
•    Classical Novels : Great Literary Works
The novel has evolved over time, and there are now different genres of novel which embody different distinctive characteristics. These works have become “classics” because they are considered model examples of the novel form : they are well-written and they stand the test of time.
Examples of classics novels include :
    Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë, 1992
    The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, 1925
    Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, 1813
    Frankenstein by Mary Shelley
    Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, 1847
    Little Woman by Louisa May Alcott, 1868
    The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthrone, 1850
    Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, 1838
    A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens, 1843

•    Romance Novels : Stories of Love
Romance novels follow a classic form : boy meets girl, boy loses girl, boy gets girl back. They normally contain flowery descriptions of love, and idealized versions of courting and romance.
Examples of romance novels include :
    The Notebook by Nicholas Sparks
    A Walk to Remember by Nicholas Sparks, 1999
    Finding Cinderella (Hopeless, #2,5) by Colleen Hoover, 2013
    Twilight (Twilight #1) by Stephanie Meyer, 2005
    Eclipse (Twilight, #2) by Stephanie Meyer, 2007
    Fifty Shades of Grey (Fifty Shades, #1) by E. L. James, 2011
    Fifty Shades Darker (Fifty Shades, #2) by E. L. James, 2011
    The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger, 2003
    Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, 1594

•    Mystery/Thriller Novels : Mystery to Solve
Mystery/Thriller novels are another sub-category of novels today. This genre features books that set up a mystery that has to be solved. The reader may be given clues to the mystery throughout the course of the book. The purpose of these works is to build suspense.
Examples of mystery/thriller novels include :
    The Da Vinci Code (Robert Langdon, #2), by Dan Brown, 2003
    Angles and Demons (Robert Langdon, #1), by Dan Brown 2000
    Before I Go To Sleep by S. J. Watson, 2011
    V is for Vengeance by Sue Grafton
    Sweet Dreams by James Patterson

•    Horror Novels : Mystery and Fear
Horror novels are yet another genre of novel that is very popular today. Horror novels feature mysterious and often gruesome happenings. They are intended to provoke fear in the reader.
Examples of horror novels include :
    Dracula by Bram Stoker, 1879
    Carrie by Stephen King, 1974
    Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, 1818
    The Devil Tree by Steve Vernon
    11/22/63 by Stephen King

•    Legal Thriller Novel: Justice and Law Stories
The legal thriller is a subset of the mystery/thriller novel. The legal thrillers give the reader an inside glimpse into the justice system and the exciting world practicing law. Readers are fascinated with these novels, which are the literary equivalent to television shows such as Law and Order and CSI.
Example of legal thriller novels include :
    The Lincoln Lawyer (Mickey Heller, #1) by Michael Connelly, 2005
    The Firm by John Grisham, 1996
    A Time to Kill
    The Rainmaker

•    Women’s Fiction Novel
The characteristics of these books include a focus on relationships, one or more strong female protagonists, women triumphing over unbearable circumstances, and the experiences of women unified in some way.
(some sources said, Women’s Fiction Novel involved in Romance Novel )
Examples of women’s fiction novel included :
    The Help by Kathryn Stockett, 2009
    The Husband’s Secret by Liane Moriarty, 2007
    The Time Traveler’s Wife by Audrey Niffenegger, 2003
    The Notebook by Nicholas Sparks, 1996

•    Science-Fiction/Fantasy Novel (Sci-Fi)
Science-Fiction/Fantasy novels depict distant worlds and futuristic technologies that whirl readers far away from the here and now and yet provoke contemplation of contemporary issues. Imaginative, thoughtful, and other-worldly.
Examples of science-fiction/fantasy novel include :
    Ender’s Game by Orson Scott Card, 1985
    The Hunger Games (Hunger Games #1) Suzanne Collins, 2008
    Divergent (Divergent, #1) by Veronica Roth, 2011
    Insurgent (Divergent, #2) by Veronica Roth, 2012
    Allegiant (Divergent, #3) by Veronica Roth, 2013
    The Host by Stephanie Meyer, 2008
    The Giver by Lois Lowry, 1993
    I am Number Four (Lorien Legacies, #1) by Pittacus Lore, 2010
    World War Z : an Oral History of the Zombie War by Max Brooks, 2006
(most of these novels have been made into movies.)
•    Exploring Novels
1.    Adventure Novel
An adventure novel tells about an exciting and dangerous journey. It also talks about experiences and full with many events. In adventure novels, the most dominant role is man because the content of this story involves man’s problem. If women are mentioned in this novel, they are only minor character in the story.
Examples of adventure novels include :
    Gulliver’s Travels by Jonathan Swift, 1726
    Stormbreaker (Alex Rider, #1) by Anthony Horowitz, 2000
    The Three Musketeers by Alexandre Dumas, 1844
    Harry Potter and Sorcerer’s Stone by J. K. Rowling, 1997
    Catching Fire (The Hunger Games, #2) by Suzanne Collins, 2009
    Treasure Island by Robert Louis Sterenson, 1883
    The Hobbit (Middle-Earth Universe) by J.P.R. Tolkien, 1937

2.    Psychological Novel
This novel emphasizes on the description of the character’s psychological development.
Examples of psychological novels include :
    Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn, 2012
    Room by Emma Donoghue, 2010
    The Lovely Bones by Alice Sebold, 2002
    Thirteen Reasons Why by Jay Asher, 2007
    Life of Pi by Yann Martel, 2001
3.    Detective Novel
This novel tells about mysteries, secrets, and crimes. The author always tries to create a good technique by raising suspense to guess the follow up the story in order that the readers are more interested to read it.
Examples of detective novels include :
    A Study in Scarlet (Sherlock Holmes, #1) by Arthur Conan Doyle, 1887
    Killing Floor (Jack Reacher, #1) by Lee Child, 1997
    A Time to Kill by John Gisham, 1989


4.    Sociological Novel
Sociological novel emphasized on the influence of social and economic condition on the characters and events.
Examples of sociological novels include :
    The History of Love by Nicole Kranss, 2005
    Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens, 1838
    The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthrone, 1850
    The Devil Wears Prada by Lauren Weisberger, 2003

5.    Political Novel
In this novel, the problems are not observed from people’s problem point of view but it is observed from the groups problem in the society, and from the reaction of each group to the problem that arises and the character is just used as proponent of plot.
Examples of political novels include :
    1984 by George Orwell, 1949
    Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, 1932
    The Kite Runner by Khaled Hooseini, 2002